Understanding the Morphology Scan: Key Information for Expecting Parents

Highlights

• Ultrasound scans are routinely offered during pregnancy.
• A morphology scan at 18 to 22 weeks is part of standard pregnancy care.
• The scan helps monitor the growth and health of the unborn baby.
• It is your choice whether to have a morphology scan.

In This Article

• Morphology Scan
• Purpose of a Morphology Scan
• Limitations of a Morphology Scan
• Performing a Morphology Scan
• Preparing for a Morphology Scan
• Procedure During a Morphology Scan
• Safety of a Morphology Scan
• Receiving Results from a Morphology Scan
• Understanding Morphology Scan Results
• Cost of a Morphology Scan
• Bringing a Partner to the Morphology Scan
• Voluntary Nature of a Morphology Scan
• Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Provider
• Tools and Assistance

Morphology Scan

A morphology (body part) scan is a routine prenatal test usually performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. It is an ultrasound examination used to check the size of the baby and assess the development of its organs.

Doctors or midwives often recommend this scan, but the decision to have one remains with the parents. Sometimes referred to as a ‘fetal anomaly’ scan, this test helps detect congenital anomalies (birth differences) and ensures the baby’s development is progressing as expected.

Purpose of a Morphology Scan

A morphology scan provides essential information about the baby’s growth and development. By the 18th to 22nd week, the baby is large enough for many of its body parts to be examined. The scan evaluates the following:

• Head and brain
• Spine
• Abdominal wall
• Heart
• Stomach
• Kidneys and bladder
• Arms, legs, hands, and feet

Additionally, it examines the:

• Placenta
• Umbilical cord
• Amniotic fluid level

The scan also determines the number of babies in the uterus and identifies the position of the placenta. Depending on the baby’s position, the scan may reveal the baby’s sex if parents wish to know.

Limitations of a Morphology Scan

A morphology scan cannot diagnose genetic conditions such as Down syndrome. If there are concerns about genetic conditions, additional diagnostic tests like chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis may be recommended.

Performing a Morphology Scan

A morphology scan is typically performed by an ultrasound technician (sonographer) who has specialized training in prenatal ultrasounds. In some cases, a specialist doctor may also be involved to ensure accurate assessments and gather as much information as possible.

Preparing for a Morphology Scan

Before undergoing a morphology scan, it is helpful to consider why you are having it and what information it may reveal. While the scan allows you to see your baby, it may also identify concerns that require further evaluation.

Doctors, midwives, or ultrasound clinics provide preparation guidelines. In most cases, no special preparation is needed. However, some clinics may ask you to wear loose clothing and drink water before the scan to fill your bladder, as this can enhance image clarity.

Procedure During a Morphology Scan

During the scan, a sonographer applies gel to the abdomen and uses a handheld device called a transducer to send sound waves into the uterus. These sound waves create echoes, which the ultrasound machine converts into images of the baby.

The sonographer will take multiple measurements to assess the baby’s size, age, and heart rate. Parents may see their baby on the ultrasound screen during the examination.

Safety of a Morphology Scan

A morphology scan is a safe, non-invasive, and pain-free procedure. It does not increase the risk of miscarriage or harm the baby. The ultrasound uses sound waves rather than radiation, making it a safe option for routine prenatal care.

Receiving Results from a Morphology Scan

The results of the scan are typically available on the same day. Parents may request copies of the images for personal records. A full report from a radiologist (a specialist doctor) is sent to the primary healthcare provider. If any abnormalities are found, a doctor will discuss the results and possible next steps with the parents.

Understanding Morphology Scan Results

The morphology scan is a screening test that helps examine the baby’s development. In a small percentage of cases (1 or 2 out of every 100 scans), the scan may detect a possible fetal anomaly. If an abnormality is found, further testing may be necessary, which could include another ultrasound or diagnostic procedures like CVS or amniocentesis.

While the morphology scan is typically performed between 18 and 22 weeks, it has limitations. Some structural anomalies may not be visible until later in the pregnancy. Additionally, a normal scan does not guarantee that the baby will be born without any health concerns.

Cost of a Morphology Scan

The cost of a morphology scan varies depending on location and healthcare coverage. Some healthcare providers may cover part of the cost, while others may require an out-of-pocket payment. Parents should check with their healthcare provider for details on pricing and coverage.

Bringing a Partner to the Morphology Scan

Yes, partners, family members, or friends are usually welcome to accompany parents to the scan. Having a support person present can provide emotional comfort and help process the information received during the scan.

Voluntary Nature of a Morphology Scan

A morphology scan is not mandatory. Parents, along with their healthcare provider, can decide which prenatal tests to undergo. The scan is a common and useful procedure, but the final decision rests with the parents.

Healthcare providers will offer information about the morphology scan to ensure that parents can make an informed decision.

Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Provider

If you are considering a morphology scan, here are some questions you may want to ask your doctor or midwife:

• If there are concerns, what additional tests or steps may be necessary?
• Why is this test being recommended?
• What does the procedure involve, and do I need to prepare in any way?
• When will I receive the results?
• Who will explain the results to me?

Tools and Assistance

If you are unsure about whether to have a morphology scan, speaking with your doctor or midwife can help you make an informed decision. Here are some tools and resources that may assist you:

• Ultrasound Clinics: Many healthcare providers and hospitals offer ultrasound services. Some specialized clinics may provide additional prenatal care services, including morphology scans, and can help guide you through the process.
• Prenatal Education Classes: Attending prenatal education classes can provide valuable information about pregnancy, ultrasound scans, and other prenatal tests. These classes may be offered in person or online by healthcare providers or local health organizations.
• Genetic Counseling: If there are concerns about genetic conditions, such as the risk of birth defects or inherited conditions, a genetic counselor can provide support and help interpret the results of various prenatal tests.
• Healthcare Provider Consultations: Your primary healthcare provider (doctor or midwife) can offer advice on whether a morphology scan is necessary for you, answer any questions, and help you understand the benefits of the procedure.
• Support Groups: Joining a pregnancy-related support group, either in-person or online, can connect you with other parents who are navigating similar experiences and concerns. Support groups provide emotional support and practical advice during pregnancy.
• Patient Advocacy Services: Some hospitals or healthcare systems offer patient advocates who can help you navigate the healthcare system, understand your rights, and access the resources you need during pregnancy.

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