Optimizing Male Health for Conception: A Comprehensive Guide

Highlights

• You can increase your chances of conceiving and having a healthy baby by maintaining good health before trying to get pregnant.
• Important steps before conception include quitting smoking and alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and keeping a healthy weight.
• It is recommended to have a medical check-up and discuss any supplements or medications with your doctor before attempting to conceive.

In This Article

• Preconception Health Importance
• Impact of Age on Fertility
• Supplements Before Conception
• Foods and Supplements to Avoid
• Preconception Medical Check-Up
• Health Considerations
• Weight and Fertility
• Preparing for a Healthy Pregnancy
• Tools And Assistance

Preconception Health Importance

Being in good health before trying to conceive can improve your chances of pregnancy and positively impact your baby’s health. Studies show that poor health at the time of conception can affect:

• Your baby’s growth during pregnancy and after birth
• Pregnancy progression, labor, and delivery

If you plan to get pregnant, these steps can help:

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Quit smoking
• Take folic acid and iodine supplements
• Reduce or stop alcohol consumption
• Manage any health conditions that could affect fertility

If you have had complications in a previous pregnancy, it is important to discuss them with your doctor before trying to conceive again.

Impact of Age on Fertility

Women find it easier to conceive before the age of 35. Fertility starts to decline in the early 30s and drops more rapidly after 35.

After 30, the risk of chromosomal or genetic conditions in a baby increases:

• 1 in 400 for women aged 30
• 1 in 100 for women aged 40

Older mothers are also at a higher risk of miscarriage, pregnancy complications, and difficulties during childbirth.

Supplements Before Conception

If you are planning a pregnancy, visit your doctor for a check-up. They can recommend necessary supplements and may suggest blood tests to check for any deficiencies.

Folic Acid
Folic acid is essential for developing your baby’s nervous system and can help prevent neural tube defects. It is recommended to take folic acid supplements at least one month before conception and during the first three months of pregnancy. Supplements containing 400–500 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid are available in pharmacies and supermarkets. You can also get folate from:

• Wholegrain bread
• Dark green leafy vegetables
• Dried beans, chickpeas, and lentils

Other Supplements
Other beneficial supplements before pregnancy include:

• Iodine (150 mcg per day)
• Vitamin D (if deficient)
• Iron (if iron levels are low)
• Vitamin B12 (for vegetarians or vegans)
• Calcium (if dietary intake is insufficient)

It is recommended that all women take iodine for at least one month before trying to conceive.

Complementary and Alternative Medicines
Complementary and alternative therapies include:

• Acupuncture
• Aromatherapy
• Herbal medicine
• Hypnosis
• Massage

While these methods may improve general well-being, there is limited evidence that they enhance fertility. Always consult your doctor before using any alternative treatments.

Foods and Supplements to Avoid

Avoid the following before trying to conceive:

• Vitamin A supplements – excessive amounts may increase the risk of miscarriage and birth defects.
• High-mercury fish – mercury can affect fetal brain development.
• Caffeine – limit intake to 2–3 cups of coffee per day, as high levels may impact fetal growth.
• Alcohol – it is recommended to avoid alcohol when trying to conceive.

Preconception Medical Check-Up

A general medical check-up before trying to conceive is a good idea. Your doctor may recommend tests and discuss medications or supplements you are taking.

Your doctor may also suggest vaccinations for:

• Chickenpox
• Influenza
• Mumps
• Rubella

Certain infections can cause complications during pregnancy, so vaccination may be necessary before conception. Some vaccines require waiting at least 28 days before trying to conceive.

Health Considerations

Certain medical conditions can impact fertility and pregnancy.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Most women with PCOS can conceive, but it may take longer. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and general well-being can improve fertility.

Endometriosis
About 30% of women with endometriosis experience difficulties conceiving. Medications and surgery can help, so consult your doctor before trying to conceive.

Diabetes
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can affect fertility. It is recommended to consult your doctor 3–6 months before trying to conceive to ensure blood sugar levels are controlled. Special care may be required during pregnancy.

Sexual Health
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can lead to infertility. Testing before pregnancy can prevent passing infections to your baby.

If you have a serious medical condition, such as cancer, speak with your doctor about fertility preservation options like egg freezing before starting treatment.

Weight and Fertility

Maintaining a healthy weight improves fertility. Being overweight can interfere with ovulation and make it harder to conceive. Being underweight can also negatively impact fertility.

The best way to achieve a healthy weight is through a balanced diet and regular exercise. Losing even a few kilograms can improve fertility.

You and your partner should support each other in leading a healthy lifestyle. A well-balanced diet should include a variety of healthy foods while limiting added sugar, salt, and fat.

Each week, aim for:

• 2½ to 5 hours of moderate-intensity physical activity
• 1¼ to 2½ hours of vigorous-intensity activity

Simply moving more and sitting less will help.

Preparing for a Healthy Pregnancy

Stop Smoking
There is no safe level of smoking. It is important to quit at least three months before trying to conceive. Secondhand smoke is also harmful during pregnancy.

Smokers are at a higher risk of:

• Miscarriage
• Low birth weight
• Premature birth
• Birth defects

If you are pregnant and still smoking, quitting as soon as possible will benefit you and your baby.

Stop Drinking Alcohol
There is no safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Drinking alcohol while pregnant can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), leading to developmental issues for your baby.

It is best to avoid alcohol while trying to conceive.

Avoid Illicit Drugs
Illegal drugs can negatively impact fertility and pregnancy. Avoid substances like cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, and marijuana.

Medications
Discuss any medications with your doctor, including:

• Prescription medications
• Over-the-counter medicines
• Vitamins or supplements
• Herbal or alternative therapies

Do not stop taking any prescribed medication without consulting your doctor.

Chemicals
Certain chemicals found at work or home may affect fertility, including:

• Pesticides
• Heavy metals
• Household chemicals (paints, nail treatments, etc.)
• Plastics
• Radiation

If you are frequently exposed to these substances, discuss potential risks with your doctor.

Genetic Conditions
If you or your partner have a family history of genetic disorders, consider consulting your doctor about genetic screening. It is advisable to seek professional guidance rather than relying on at-home DNA tests.

Emotional Health and Well-Being
Mental health is an important factor in preparing for pregnancy. If you experience stress, anxiety, depression, or are in an unhealthy relationship, seek medical support to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy.

Tools And Assistance

Preparing for conception involves several tools and resources to optimize your health and fertility. Below are some practical tools and types of assistance that can guide you through the process:

1. Preconception Health Check-Ups

• Doctors and Healthcare Providers: Schedule a medical check-up to assess your health and fertility. This check-up can help identify potential issues that could affect your pregnancy. Your doctor will review your medical history, conduct tests, and discuss medications and supplements that you may need to adjust.
• Fertility Specialists: If you are struggling with conception or have a known fertility issue, consider consulting a fertility specialist. They can offer advanced diagnostics and treatment options.
• Genetic Counseling: For couples with a family history of genetic disorders, genetic counseling may help assess the risk of passing on certain conditions. This guidance can be essential in making informed decisions about family planning.

2. Nutritional and Dietary Support

Supplements: Certain supplements, like folic acid and iodine, are recommended before conception. A healthcare provider can help ensure you are taking the correct dosage.

Nutritionists and Dietitians: These professionals can help tailor a nutrition plan that supports reproductive health. A balanced diet, rich in nutrients, can improve fertility and prepare your body for pregnancy.

Need more information?

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