Everything You Need to Know About Ultrasound Scans During Pregnancy

Highlights

• Ultrasound scans are routinely offered during pregnancy to monitor the health and development of the baby.
• A morphology ultrasound at 18 to 22 weeks is part of standard prenatal care.
• Ultrasound is a non-invasive and safe procedure.
• Undergoing an ultrasound scan is optional and up to the individual’s choice.

In This Article

• What is an Ultrasound Scan?
• How an Ultrasound Works
• Transvaginal Ultrasound
• Reasons to Have an Ultrasound Scan
• Timing of Ultrasound Scans During Pregnancy
• Additional Reasons for Ultrasound During Pregnancy
• Performing the Ultrasound Scan
• Safety of Ultrasound Scans
• Necessity of Ultrasound Scans
• Alternatives to Ultrasound Scans
• Preparation for an Ultrasound Scan
• Cost of an Ultrasound
• Results of an Ultrasound Scan
• Meaning of Ultrasound Results
• Questions to Ask Your Doctor
• Tools and Assistance

What is an Ultrasound Scan?

An ultrasound scan is a medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of a developing baby during pregnancy. It does not involve radiation or needles, making it a safe diagnostic tool.

How an Ultrasound Works

During an ultrasound scan:

• A special gel is applied to the abdomen.
• A handheld device, called a transducer, is moved over the skin.
• The transducer emits sound waves that bounce off internal structures.
• The returning echoes create images displayed on a screen.

Transvaginal Ultrasound

In early pregnancy, a transvaginal ultrasound may be necessary to obtain clearer images. This involves inserting a small probe into the vagina to get closer to the uterus.

Reasons to Have an Ultrasound Scan

An ultrasound scan provides valuable information about pregnancy, including:

• Confirmation of pregnancy and heartbeat
• Determining the number of babies
• Estimating the due date
• Checking the baby’s position and growth
• Assessing the placenta and cervix

Timing of Ultrasound Scans During Pregnancy

Dating Scan

A dating scan is often performed in the first trimester to estimate the due date. This scan can also:

• Confirm a single or multiple pregnancy
• Check for ectopic pregnancy

Nuchal Translucency Scan

The nuchal translucency (NT) scan, conducted between 11 and 14 weeks, measures fluid at the back of the baby’s neck. This measurement helps assess the risk of chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome.

Morphology Scan

A morphology scan is typically performed between 18 and 22 weeks to examine the baby’s organs and development. This scan also evaluates:

• Baby’s heart rate and rhythm
• Placental position
• Cervical length
• Baby’s sex (optional)

Additional Reasons for Ultrasound During Pregnancy

Additional ultrasounds may be required if:

• Pregnancy complications arise
• There are concerns about the baby’s movement
• There is a need to monitor fetal growth

Performing the Ultrasound Scan

Ultrasound scans are usually conducted by a trained sonographer. Some doctors, midwives, and obstetricians are also qualified to perform them. These scans can be done in medical clinics, imaging centers, or hospitals.

Safety of Ultrasound Scans

Ultrasound scans are considered safe. The sound waves used are low-frequency and do not pose risks to the baby. Unlike X-rays, ultrasound does not involve radiation.

Necessity of Ultrasound Scans

Ultrasound scans are recommended but not mandatory. Discussing prenatal tests with a doctor or midwife can help in making an informed decision.

Alternatives to Ultrasound Scans

Alternative methods for monitoring pregnancy include:

• Regular check-ups to assess the baby’s heartbeat and growth
• Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), a blood test that screens for genetic conditions

Preparation for an Ultrasound Scan

Before an ultrasound scan:

• Wear loose clothing for easy access to the abdomen.
• Drink water beforehand if advised, as a full bladder can improve image clarity.
• If undergoing an NT scan, a blood test may also be required.

Cost of an Ultrasound

The cost of an ultrasound scan varies based on location and medical coverage. Some insurance plans may cover part or all of the costs. It is advisable to confirm any out-of-pocket expenses before the appointment.

Results of an Ultrasound Scan

An ultrasound scan typically lasts around 30 minutes. Results may be available immediately or take longer, depending on the medical facility. A copy of the report is usually sent to the healthcare provider.

Meaning of Ultrasound Results

Ultrasound scans provide information on fetal development. If abnormalities are detected, further tests may be recommended, such as:

• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
• Amniocentesis
• Consultation with a genetic counselor

Questions to Ask Your Doctor

Before undergoing an ultrasound, consider asking:

• Are there alternatives to this scan?
• Why is this ultrasound recommended?
• What are the benefits and risks?
• What does the procedure involve?
• When will the results be available?

Tools and Assistance

For those navigating pregnancy and ultrasound scans, the following tools and resources can provide essential support:

• Pregnancy Health Apps: Many apps are available that help track pregnancy milestones, including ultrasound appointments, due dates, and other key health data. These can be useful for managing prenatal care.
• Prenatal Education Resources: Various online resources and workshops provide information about pregnancy, ultrasound scans, and maternal health. These resources often feature expert advice from healthcare providers and specialists.
• Support Networks and Forums: Connecting with other expectant parents through online forums or local community groups can provide emotional support and shared experiences, which can be particularly helpful when navigating the uncertainties of pregnancy and prenatal testing.
• Genetic Counseling: If your ultrasound results suggest potential genetic conditions or other concerns, genetic counselors are available to offer personalized advice and help you understand your options for further testing or screenings.
• Healthcare Provider Assistance: Your doctor, midwife, or obstetrician is a critical resource. They can guide you through the ultrasound process, answer questions, and help interpret results in the context of your specific pregnancy.
• Insurance and Financial Assistance: Many insurance providers offer prenatal care coverage, including ultrasound scans. If you’re concerned about costs, check with your insurer or ask your healthcare provider about options for financial assistance.