Highlights Up to 3 in 10 people who are pregnant experience leg cramps. Cramps most commonly affect the calf muscles. Leg cramps are more frequent at night, particularly in late pregnancy. Stretching leg muscles before bed and staying well-hydrated can…

Highlights Indigestion (dyspepsia) is discomfort or pain in your stomach. Heartburn is a burning pain in your stomach and chest caused by stomach acid. Heartburn is common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and the pressure of the uterus on…

Highlights Headaches are common in early pregnancy due to hormonal changes. Migraines may improve, worsen, or stay the same during pregnancy. Dehydration, poor sleep, stress, low blood sugar, and eye strain can trigger headaches. Paracetamol is safe for treating headaches…

Highlights Haemorrhoids are swollen varicose veins in the rectum and anus. Around 1 in 3 pregnancies are affected by haemorrhoids. Symptoms include bleeding, pain, or burning during bowel movements. Haemorrhoids can be treated and prevented by managing constipation, staying hydrated,…

Highlights Frequent urination means needing to urinate more often than usual. It is normal and caused by hormonal and physical changes in your body. While you can’t do much to reduce the frequency, strengthening your pelvic floor muscles can help.…

Highlights Fatigue is common in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Persistent tiredness may indicate a health problem, and you should consult with your doctor or midwife. Pregnancy can make it harder to get enough quality sleep. Healthy eating,…

Highlights Constipation can cause hard, dry stools that are painful or difficult to pass. Up to 2 out of 5 people experience constipation during pregnancy. Hormonal changes, medication, and insufficient fiber intake are common causes. Prevention and management include a…

Highlights Pregnancy can cause changes to your skin, including increased sensitivity, dryness, or darkening in certain areas. Most skin changes during pregnancy are temporary and will fade after childbirth. Non-prescription skin care products are generally safe, but check ingredients for…

Highlights Hair may feel thicker during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. Some women experience hair thinning or loss during pregnancy and after childbirth. Hair dye is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but precautions can be taken. Certain chemical treatments, like…

Highlights Incontinence refers to the involuntary leakage of urine, feces, or gas. Weak pelvic floor muscles can contribute to incontinence during pregnancy. Prevention through a healthy lifestyle and pelvic floor exercises is recommended. Incontinence may persist after childbirth but can…